Legal & Title
C of O vs Governor's Consent: what is the difference?
Owamwen Team · 4 Nov 2026
C of O or Governor's Consent? A plain-language guide to two of the most common Nigerian title documents and what they mean for buyers.
If you are buying land or a house in Nigeria, you will often hear two terms: Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) and Governor's Consent. They are related, but they are not the same thing.
What is a Certificate of Occupancy?
Under the Land Use Act, land in each state is held by the State Governor. A C of O is a document issued by the state government granting a person or company the right to occupy and use a piece of land, usually for a set number of years. It is often the first registered title on a piece of land.
What is Governor's Consent?
When land that already has a C of O (or another registered title) is sold, the transfer to the new owner generally needs the Governor's consent. Once granted, the Governor's Consent records the new owner's interest in the land.
Which one should a buyer look for?
- Buying directly from the original holder: ask to see the C of O and confirm it with the land registry - Buying from someone who bought from the original holder: check that earlier transfers were properly consented to - After your purchase: plan for the cost and time of obtaining Governor's Consent in your name
Why checking matters
A photocopy of a title document does not prove it is genuine, current or free of other claims. A search at the relevant state land registry, carried out by a qualified property lawyer, is the safest way to confirm what a document really says.
Need help?
Owamwen can help you request documents from a seller and connect you with professional verification support. This article is general information, not legal advice — always speak to a qualified Nigerian property lawyer before buying.